Published Oct 2, 2023 by https://www.knba.org/people/rhonda-mcbride A national prison research group, which tracks inmate populations, says American Indians and Alaska Natives, next to Blacks, are vastly overrepresented in state prison systems nationwide, and Alaska tops the list.
But Brad Myrstol, a researcher at the University of Alaska Anchorage Justice Center, says the picture is much more complicated, because Alaska’s prison system is structured differently than most other state correctional centers.
“It’s one thing to talk about disparities and try to understand how they're produced,” Myrstol said. “It's quite another thing to talk about discrimination, which implies a systematic intent.”
He says, when analyzing data, he looks at what he calls the three D’s: Difference, disparities and discrimination.
Myrstol says the “difference” for Alaska lies in how its prison system is structured. Most other states, he says, house inmates in two separate institutions, prisons and local jails. But in Alaska, the two are combined into one, known as a “unified corrections system.” Alaska and five other states — Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode Island and Vermont — have unified systems.
In most states, unsentenced or pre-trial inmates are housed separately. Myrstol says there is more racial disparity in this population, usually traced to poverty. He says white inmates are more likely to be able to afford bail or legal help to get out on supervised release, but Alaska Natives and other minorities don’t have those resources, so they remain incarcerated longer while awaiting sentencing. Myrstol says a backlog of court cases, created by the COVID-19 pandemic, has made the problem worse.
Myrstol says he can’t say whether Alaska’s criminal justice system is racist.
“What I will say is we see disparities throughout the criminal justice system in Alaska and elsewhere. And the reasons for those disparities are complex, but they are very important to understand,” Myrstol said. “But we have to guard against over simplistic, single-cause explanations.”
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